Gynecologic cancers occur in the female reproductive organs, including the cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, and vulva.

Like other parts of the body, the organs of the reproductive system are made up of many types of cells. Cells divide in an orderly, controlled way to produce more cells when they are needed in the body. When cells divide in an abnormal, uncontrolled way, they can form a tumor that may be benign or malignant.

Benign tumors are not cancerous. They can usually be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant tumors are cancerous. Cancer cells can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Also, cancer cells can break away from a malignant tumor and spread to other parts of the body.

Gynecologic cancers affect many women. About 80,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. Although they are very serious diseases, many can be treated and cured.